Map data product, map data processing program product, map data processing method, and map data processing device

ABSTRACT

A first data product that can be read into a computer or a map data processing apparatus, contains therein map data having map-related information of a map. The map data includes: a structure having the map-related information divided into units of a plurality of divisions into which the map is divided; and a structure having management information for the map-related information divided into units of the divisions, and: the map-related information obtained by the computer or the map data processing apparatus can be updated in units of the individual divisions by using the management information.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

The disclosures of the following priority applications are hereinincorporated by reference: Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-143111filed May 17, 2002 Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-143112 filed May17, 2002

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a map data product, a map dataprocessing program product, a map data processing method and a map dataprocessing apparatus.

BACKGROUND ART

Map data of road maps and the like used in navigation systems areprovided in a recording medium such as a CD ROM, a DVD-ROM or the likein the related art. In addition, map data are provided throughcommunication to a navigation system installed in a vehicle.

However, a system that updates with a high degree of efficiency part ofthe map data with a large volume provided in a recording medium or thelike and allows new and old map data to be used efficiently and withconsistency is not provided in the related art.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a map data product, a map data processingprogram product, a map data processing method and a map data processingapparatus that make it possible to update part of map data with a largevolume provided in a recording medium or the like with a high degree ofefficiency and allow the new and old map data to be used with efficiencyand consistency.

A first data product according to the present invention that can be readinto a computer or a map data processing apparatus, contains therein mapdata having map-related information of a map. The map data comprises: astructure having the map-related information divided into units of aplurality of divisions into which the map is divided; and a structurehaving management information for the map-related information dividedinto units of the divisions, and: the map-related information obtainedby the computer or the map data processing apparatus can be updated inunits of the individual divisions by using the management information.

In this first data product, it is preferred that: the map is dividedinto a plurality of first division units, the first division units areeach divided into a plurality of second division units, a number of thesecond division units is equal among the individual first divisionunits, and the divisions into which the map is divided eachcorresponding to one of the second division units; and the managementinformation contains a set of management information related to theplurality of second division units, provided in correspondence to eachof the first division units. In this case, it is preferred that themanagement information further contains management information relatedto the plurality of first division units.

Also, in the first data product, it is preferred that: a plurality oflevels are defined, each in correspondence to one of a plurality ofdifferent scaling factors at which the map is rendered; the map isdivided into a plurality of first division units at each level, thefirst division units are each divided into a plurality of seconddivision units, the number of second division units is equal among theindividual first division units, and the divisions into which the map isdivided each corresponding to one of the second division units; aplurality of sets of the map-related information are provided incorrespondence to the plurality of levels; and the managementinformation contains a set of management information related to theplurality of first division units provided in correspondence to each oflevels, and also contains a set of management information related to theplurality of second division units provided in correspondence to each ofthe first division units.

Also, in the first data product, it is preferred that the map-relatedinformation which is provided in units of the individual divisions isseparated into different types of map-related information to beindividually managed.

Also, in the first data product, it is preferred that: a plurality oflevels are defined, each in correspondence to one of a plurality ofdifferent scaling factors at which the map is rendered; a plurality ofsets of the map-related information are provided in correspondence tothe plurality of levels; and as the map-related information provided inunits of the individual divisions, at least one type of map-relatedinformation available at all levels and another type of map-relatedinformation available at, at least, one level are provided separatelyfrom each other. In this case, it is preferred that: the one type ofmap-related information is used to display the map at a display device;and the other type of map-related information contains information usedin route search.

Also, in the first data product, it is preferred that: a connectingpoint at which the map-related information corresponding to one of twodivisions is correlated to the map-related information corresponding tothe other division is present at a geographically matching positionwithin the two divisions; and sets of information related to theconnecting point contain common two-dimensional coordinate valuesindicating the position of the connecting point within the map in themap-related information corresponding to the two divisions. In thiscase, it is preferred that the two-dimensional coordinate values arevalues corresponding to latitudinal and longitudinal values.Furthermore, it is preferred that the information related to theconnecting point contains a parameter other than the two-dimensionalcoordinate values of the connecting point in addition to thetwo-dimensional coordinate values. In this case, it is preferred thatthe parameter contains height information indicating a height of theconnecting point. Furthermore, it is preferred that the parametercontains time information related to generation and update of themap-related information provided in units of the individual divisions.Yet furthermore, it is preferred that: a plurality of levels aredefined, each in correspondence to one of a plurality of differentscaling factors at which the map is rendered; a plurality of sets of themap-related information are provided in correspondence to the pluralityof levels; the map is divided into a plurality of divisions at eachlevel, and each of the plurality of sets of map-related information,corresponding to a given level, is divided in units of the individualdivisions into which the map is divided; the two divisions belong tolevels different from each other, and two-dimensional coordinate valuesof the connecting point at a level at which the map is rendered ingreater detail are attached to the two-dimensional coordinate values ofthe connecting point at a given level.

Also, in the first data product, it is preferred that: the map-relatedinformation provided in units of individual divisions is separated intodifferent types of map-related information to be individually managed;and map-related information having the highest priority among thedifferent types of map-related information is managed by setting apredetermined upper limit to the size thereof. In this case, it ispreferred that: if the size of the map-related information having thehighest priority exceeds the predetermined upper limit after update, atleast map-related information corresponding to an excess beyond thepredetermined upper limit to the size, which results from the update, ismanaged as map-related information with lower priority relative to thehighest priority. Furthermore, it is preferred that the map-relatedinformation with the highest priority includes at least information usedto display the map at a display device. Also, it is preferred that: themap-related information with the highest priority includes at leastinformation used to display the map at a display device; and themap-related information with the lower priority relative to the highestpriority includes information that enables display of a more detailedmap at the display device, compared to the map displayed by using themap-related information with the highest priority.

It is preferred that the above data products are each embodied as arecording medium having the map data recorded therein.

A map data processing apparatus according to the present invention,comprises: a recording medium drive unit at which a data productaccording to claim 18 is loaded; an update data acquisition unit thatobtains update data for the map-related information provided in units ofthe individual divisions; and a processing unit that processes the mapdata based upon the map data recorded in the recording medium and theupdate data obtained by the update data acquisition unit.

In this map data processing apparatus, it is preferred that: the mapdata are map display data; and the processing unit displays a map at adisplay unit by connecting the map data recorded in the recording mediumwith the update data obtained by the update data acquisition unit.

Also, it is preferred that: the map data are route search data; and theprocessing unit executes route search processing by connecting the mapdata recorded in the recording medium with the update data obtained bythe update data acquisition unit.

A method for processing map data in a map data processing apparatus,according to the present invention, comprises steps for: reading mapdata management information indicating specific positions in a recordingmedium, at which map data divided into a plurality of divisions arestored, from the recording medium having stored therein the plurality ofmap data divisions and the management information into a nonvolatilememory within a map data processing apparatus; altering part of themanagement information in the nonvolatile memory corresponding to updatedata so as to indicate a position at which the update data are stored,when the update data for partially updating the map data in units of theindividual divisions are obtained; and accessing the map data based uponthe management information in the nonvolatile memory.

A program product that can be read into a computer or a map dataprocessing apparatus, according to the present invention, contains a mapdata processing program executed to process map data. The map dataprocessing program comprises: an instruction code for reading map datamanagement information indicating specific positions in a recordingmedium, at which map data divided into a plurality of divisions arestored, from the recording medium having stored therein the plurality ofmap data divisions and the management information into a nonvolatilememory within a map data processing apparatus; an instruction code foraltering part of the management information in the nonvolatile memorycorresponding to update data so as to indicate a position at which theupdate data are stored, when the update data for partially updating themap data in units of the individual divisions are obtained; and aninstruction code for accessing the map data based upon the managementinformation in the nonvolatile memory.

A map data processing apparatus according to the present invention thatprocesses map data, comprises: a recording medium drive unit at which arecording medium is loaded having stored therein the map data dividedinto a plurality of divisions and map data management informationindicating specific storage positions of the plurality of map datadivisions in the recording medium; a nonvolatile memory into which themanagement information read from the recording medium is stored; anupdate data acquisition unit that obtains update data to be used toupdate part of the map data in units of the individual divisions; and acontrol unit that alters part of the management information in thenonvolatile memory corresponding to the updated data so as to indicate astorage position of the update data when the update data acquisitionunit obtains the update data, and accesses the map data based upon themanagement information in the nonvolatile memory.

Another method for processing map data in a map data processingapparatus, according to the present invention, comprises steps for:confirming that a recording medium is loaded at the map data processingapparatus, the recording medium having stored therein the map datadivided into a plurality of divisions and map data managementinformation indicating specific storage positions of the plurality ofmap data divisions in the recording medium; storing identificationinformation, which bears an initial value indicating that the map datamanagement information used in the map data processing apparatus isstored in the recording medium, into a first nonvolatile memory; storingupdate data obtained to update part of the map data in units ofindividual divisions into a second nonvolatile memory, obtaining the mapdata management information from the recording medium, altering part ofthe management information corresponding to the update data so as toindicate a storage position of the update data in the second nonvolatilememory, storing the management information into a third nonvolatilememory, and altering the identification information stored in the firstnonvolatile memory to identification information indicating that the mapdata management information is stored in the third nonvolatile memory;obtaining the identification information to ascertain whether the mapdata management information is stored in the recording medium or in thethird nonvolatile memory by accessing the first nonvolatile memory whenaccessing the map data; obtaining the map data management informationfrom the recording medium if the map data management information isdetermined to be stored in the recording medium; obtaining the map datamanagement information from the third nonvolatile memory if the map datamanagement information is determined to be stored in the thirdnonvolatile memory; and accessing the map data based upon the obtainedmap data management information.

Another program product according to the present invention that can beread into a computer or a map data processing apparatus, contains a mapdata processing program executed to process map data. The map dataprocessing program comprises: an instruction code for confirming that arecording medium is loaded at the map data processing apparatus, therecording medium having stored therein the map data divided into aplurality of divisions and map data management information indicatingspecific storage positions of the plurality of map data divisions in therecording medium; an instruction code for storing identificationinformation, which bears an initial value indicating that the map datamanagement information used in the map data processing apparatus isstored in the recording medium, into a first nonvolatile memory; aninstruction code for storing update data obtained to update part of themap data in units of individual divisions into a second nonvolatilememory, obtaining the map data management information from the recordingmedium, altering part of the management information corresponding to theupdate data so as to indicate a storage position of the update data inthe second nonvolatile memory, storing the management information into athird nonvolatile memory, and altering the identification informationstored in the first nonvolatile memory to identification informationindicating that the map data management information is stored in thethird nonvolatile memory; an instruction code for obtaining theidentification information to ascertain whether the map data managementinformation is stored in the recording medium or in the thirdnonvolatile memory by accessing the first nonvolatile memory whenaccessing the map data; an instruction code for obtaining the map datamanagement information from the recording medium if the map datamanagement information is determined to be stored in the recordingmedium; an instruction code for obtaining the map data managementinformation from the third nonvolatile memory if the map data managementinformation is determined to be stored in the third nonvolatile memory;and an instruction code for accessing the map data based upon theobtained map data management information.

Another map data processing apparatus according to the present inventionthat processes map data, comprises: a recording medium drive unit atwhich a recording medium having stored therein the map data divided intoa plurality of divisions and map data management information indicatingspecific storage positions of the plurality of map data divisions in therecording medium is loaded; a first nonvolatile memory in whichidentification information bearing an initial value indicating that mapdata management information used in the map data processing apparatus isstored in the recording medium is stored when the recording medium isloaded into the recording medium drive unit; an update data acquisitionunit that obtains update data to be used to update part of the map datain units of the individual divisions; a second nonvolatile memory inwhich the update data obtained by the update data acquisition unit arestored; a control unit that obtains the map data management informationfrom the recording medium when the update data acquisition unit obtainsthe update data, alters part of the management information correspondingto the update data so as to indicate a storage position of the updatedata in the second nonvolatile memory and alters the identificationinformation stored in the first nonvolatile memory to identificationinformation indicating that the map data management information isstored in a third nonvolatile memory; and the third nonvolatile memoryin which the map data management information having been altered by thecontrol unit is stored, wherein: the control unit obtains theidentification information by accessing the first nonvolatile memory toascertain whether the map data management information is stored in therecording medium or in the third nonvolatile memory when accessing themap data, obtains the map data management information from the recordingmedium if the map data management information is determined to be storedin the recording medium, obtains the map data management informationfrom the third nonvolatile memory if the map data management informationis determined to be stored in the third nonvolatile memory, and accessesthe map data based upon the obtained map data management information.

Another method for processing map data in a map data processingapparatus, according to the present invention, comprises steps for;confirming that a recording medium is loaded at the map data processingapparatus, the recording medium having stored therein the map datadivided into a plurality of divisions and map data managementinformation indicating specific storage positions of the plurality ofmap data divisions in the recording medium; storing identificationinformation, which bears an initial value indicating that the map datamanagement information used in the map data processing apparatus isstored in the recording medium, into a first nonvolatile memory;confirming a connection with a second nonvolatile memory in which updatedata used to update part of the map data in units of the individualdivisions are written; obtaining the map data management informationfrom the recording medium when the connection with the secondnonvolatile memory is confirmed, altering part of the managementinformation corresponding to the update data so as to indicate a storageposition of the update data in the second nonvolatile memory, storingthe management information into a third nonvolatile memory and alteringthe identification information stored in the first nonvolatile memory toidentification information indicating that the map data managementinformation is stored in the third nonvolatile memory; obtaining theidentification information to ascertain whether the map data managementinformation is stored in the recording medium or in the thirdnonvolatile memory by accessing the first nonvolatile memory whenaccessing the map data; obtaining the map data management informationfrom the recording medium if the map data management information isdetermined to be stored in the recording medium; obtaining the map datamanagement from the third nonvolatile memory if the map data managementinformation is determined to be stored in the third nonvolatile memory;and accessing the map data based upon the obtained map data managementinformation.

Another program product according to the present invention that can beread into a computer or a map data processing apparatus, contains a mapdata processing program executed to process map data. The map dataprocessing program comprises: an instruction code for confirming that arecording medium is loaded at the map data processing apparatus, therecording medium having stored therein the map data divided into aplurality of divisions and map data management information indicatingspecific storage positions of the plurality of map data divisions in therecording medium; an instruction code for storing identificationinformation, which bears an initial value indicating that the map datamanagement information used in the map data processing apparatus isstored in the recording medium, into a first nonvolatile memory; aninstruction code for confirming a connection with a second nonvolatilememory in which update data used to update part of the map data in unitsof the individual divisions are written; an instruction code forobtaining the map data management information from the recording mediumwhen the connection with the second nonvolatile memory is confirmed,altering part of the management information corresponding to the updatedata so as to indicate a storage position of the update data in thesecond nonvolatile memory, storing the management information into athird nonvolatile memory and altering the identification informationstored in the first nonvolatile memory to identification informationindicating that the map data management information is stored in thethird nonvolatile memory; an instruction code for obtaining theidentification information to ascertain whether the map data managementinformation is stored in the recording medium or in the thirdnonvolatile memory by accessing the first nonvolatile memory whenaccessing the map data; an instruction code for obtaining the map datamanagement information from the recording medium if the map datamanagement information is determined to be stored in the recordingmedium; an instruction code for obtaining the map data management fromthe third nonvolatile memory if the map data management information isdetermined to be stored in the third nonvolatile memory; and aninstruction code for accessing the map data based upon the obtained mapdata management information.

Another map data processing apparatus, according to the presentinvention, that processes map data, comprises: a recording medium driveunit at which a recording medium having stored therein the map datadivided into a plurality of divisions and map data managementinformation indicating specific storage positions of the plurality ofmap data divisions in the recording medium is loaded; a firstnonvolatile memory in which identification information bearing aninitial value indicating that map data management information used inthe map data processing apparatus is stored in the recording medium isstored when the recording medium is loaded into the recording mediumdrive unit; a memory connection unit that enables a connection with asecond nonvolatile memory in which update data used to update part ofthe map data in units of the individual divisions are written; a controlunit that obtains the map data management information from the recordingmedium when a connection of the second nonvolatile memory with thememory connection unit is confirmed, alters part of the managementinformation corresponding to the update data so as to indicate a storageposition of the update data in the second nonvolatile memory and altersthe identification information stored in the first nonvolatile memory toidentification information indicating that the map data managementinformation is stored in a third nonvolatile memory; and the thirdnonvolatile memory in which the map data management information havingbeen altered by the control unit is stored, and: the control unitobtains the identification information by accessing the firstnonvolatile memory to ascertain whether the map data managementinformation is stored in the recording medium or in the thirdnonvolatile memory when accessing the map data, obtains the map datamanagement information from the recording medium if the map datamanagement information is determined to be stored in the recordingmedium, obtains the map data management information from the thirdnonvolatile memory if the map data management information is determinedto be stored in the third nonvolatile memory, and accesses the map databased upon the obtained map data management information.

It is preferred that the above program products are each embodied as arecording medium having recorded therein the map data processingprogram.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows how map data adopting the map data structure according tothe present invention are exchanged;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an on-vehicle navigation system;

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the relationships among thelevels, the blocks and the meshes of the map data;

FIG. 4 shows the data structure assumed in one of the meshes in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 illustrates how the map data are managed in the navigationsystem;

FIG. 6 shows the structure of the main data file;

FIG. 7 shows the structure of the mesh internal management information;

FIG. 8 shows a single road that is present over adjacent meshes;

FIG. 9 presents a flowchart of the processing through which map data areupdated by using a removable memory, data of an area around thedestination are read and a route search is executed;

FIG. 10 presents a flowchart of the processing through which data of anarea around the destination read from the map server via the Internetare used for an update, data of an area around the current position andan area around the destination are read and a route search is executed;

FIG. 11 presents a flowchart of the initialize processing executed instep S21 in FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 presents a flowchart of the update processing executed in stepS24 in FIG. 10;

FIG. 13 presents a flowchart of the route search executed by using levelcorrespondence keys;

FIG. 14 presents a flowchart of the one layer hierarchical route searchprocessing;

FIG. 15 presents a flowchart of the two layer hierarchical route searchprocessing; and

FIG. 16 is a detailed flowchart of the processing executed in step S212in FIG. 15.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows how map data adopting the map data structure according tothe present invention are exchanged. An on-vehicle navigation system 1reads map data, management information, guidance search data and thelike from a recording medium 2 which may be a CD ROM or a DVD ROM. Itreceives update data to be used to update the map data and the like froma removable memory 3. The removable memory 3 is a detachable recordingmedium having recorded therein the update data or the like to be used toupdate part of the map data.

In addition, the navigation system 1 can be connected to a communicationdevice 4 such as a portable telephone. The navigation system 1 can beconnected to the Internet 5 via the communication device 4 and can befurther connected with a map server 6 via the Internet 5. At the mapserver 6, map data from old versions up to and including the latestversion of map data, are held at a map database 7, and guidance searchdata from old versions up to and including the most recent guidancesearch data, are held at a guidance search database 8. Thus, the mapserver 6 is capable of providing update data to be used to update partof the map data to the navigation system 1 via the Internet 5. It is tobe noted that the guidance search data contain position informationindicating the positions of POIs and the like and attribute informationindicating the specific types, the names and the like of the POIs andthe like.

The navigation system 1 includes a control device 11 and a nonvolatilememory 12. The control device 11 is constituted with a microprocessorand its peripheral circuits. The nonvolatile memory 12 is a nonvolatilememory such as a hard disk or a flash memory installed inside thenavigation system 1. The nonvolatile memory 12 may be any type ofstorage device as long as data written therein are retained even whenthe power to the navigation system 1 is turned off.

Once the recording medium 2 is loaded into the navigation system 1, itremains loaded in the navigation system 1 until it is replaced with anew recording medium 2. Accordingly, it may be referred to as a fixedmedium as opposed to the removable memory 3. The map database 7 and theguidance search database 8, which hold all the versions of map data andguidance search data, from the oldest to the most recent, are databasesholding mother data. Using the data at the map database 7 and theguidance search database 8, the map server 6 can prepare a recordingmedium 2 having recorded therein initial (pre-update) map data or aremovable memory 3 having stored therein update data to be used for dataupdate.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the on-vehicle navigation system 1. Thenavigation system 1 comprises the control device 11, the nonvolatilememory 12, a current position detection device 13, a DVD drive device14, a memory 15, a communication interface 16, a removable memory readdevice 17, a monitor 18 and an input device 19.

The current position detection device 13, which detects the currentposition of the vehicle, may be constituted with, for instance, anazimuth sensor that detects the advancing azimuth of the vehicle, avehicle speed sensor that detects the vehicle speed, a GPS sensor thatdetects a GPS signal transmitted from a GPS (global positioning system)satellite and the like. The DVD drive device 14 reads map data and thelike in the recording medium 2 loaded therein. In the embodiment, therecording medium 2 is a DVD ROM. However, the recording medium 2 may bea CD ROM or another type of recording medium.

The memory 15 is used to store the vehicle position information detectedwith the current position detection device 13 and the like and also tostore node information, link information and the like of the nodes andthe links on a recommended route calculated by the control device 11. Inaddition, full mesh management information which is to be detailed lateris stored in the memory 15. The memory 15 constitutes a working area ofthe control device 11. The communication interface 16 is used to achievea connection with the communication device 4. The use of a portabletelephone and an Internet connection are enabled via the communicationinterface 16. Data in the removable memory 3 can be read with theremovable memory read device 17 at which the removable memory 3 isloaded.

The monitor 18 is a display device at which a map, a recommended routeand various types of information are displayed. The monitor 18 may beprovided as an integrated part of the navigation system main unit or itmay be provided as a separate casing. In addition, the monitor 18disposed at an isolated position may be connected to the navigationsystem main unit through a cable or the like. Through the input device19, the destination for the vehicle and the like are entered whenconducting a route search. It may be constituted as a remote-controlunit or it may be constituted as a touch panel disposed on the screen atthe monitor 18. The control device 11 executes various types ofnavigation processing such as road map display, route search and routeguidance by using the current vehicle position information detected withthe current position detection device 13, the map data stored in therecording medium 2 or the nonvolatile memory 12. It is to be noted thata program of the various types of processing executed by the controldevice 11 is installed in a ROM (not shown) provided inside the controldevice 11.

Map Data Structure

The data structure adopted in the map data mentioned above is nowexplained in further detail. The map data are information related tomaps and include background (for map display) data, locator data,network (for route search) data and guidance data (informationindicating intersecting point names, node names, directional terms,directional guidance facility information and the like). The backgrounddata are used to display a background of a road or a background in aroad map. The locator data are used to specify the current vehicleposition for map matching and the like. The network data, which areroute search data constituted with branching information and the likenot directly relevant to the specific road shapes, are mainly used whencalculating a recommended route (when executing a route search). Theguidance data include the names of intersecting point and the like, andare used to provide guidance for the driver or the like along therecommended route based upon the calculated recommended route.

The map data are managed based upon a concept that they are provided atdifferent levels in blocks and meshes in the embodiment. In theembodiment, the map data are divided into seven different levels ofdata, with each level corresponding to a specific scaling factor. Level0 corresponds to the scaling factor at which the map is provided withthe most detail, and at level 6, the map is provided as the widest-areamap. While the different levels of map data are provided at varyingscaling factors, a common area is covered by the various levels of mapdata. Namely, supposing that the subject area is the entire nation ofJapan, map data of the entire nation of Japan are provided at each levelwith a scaling factor different from the scaling factors correspondingto the other levels. For instance, at level 0, map data of the entirenation of Japan are provided at a scaling factor of 1/6250, at level 3,map data of the entire nation of Japan are provided at a scaling factorof 1/400,000, at level 4, map data of the entire nation of Japan areprovided at a scaling factor of 1/1,600,000, and at level 6, map data ofthe entire nation of Japan are provided at a scaling factor of1/128,000,000. In other words, seven sets of map data are provided incorrespondence to levels 0 to 6.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram provided to facilitate an explanation ofthe relationships among the map data levels, blocks and meshes. FIG. 3shows map data at levels 3 and 4 as an example. Reference numeral 101indicates the subject area covered by the map data. Assuming that themap data cover the entire nation of Japan, the area 101 is a range thatcontains the entire nation of Japan. The same range of subject area iscovered at levels 3 and 4. At level 3, the area 101 is managed as aplurality of blocks 102, i.e., 4×4=16 blocks. Each block 102 is dividedinto a plurality of meshes 103 and is managed with the meshes. In theembodiment, the data in the block are managed as m×n sets of mesh data.The blocks 102 of map data at the same level are each divided into m×nmeshes.

At level 3, the area 101 is managed with a plurality of blocks 102,i.e., 2×2=4 blocks. Each block 104 is divided into a plurality of meshes105 and is managed with the meshes. In the embodiment, the data in theblock are managed as p×q sets of mesh data. The blocks 104 of map dataat the same level are each divided into p×q meshes.

At levels 3 and 4, the area 101 is divided into different numbers ofblocks and the individual blocks are divided into different numbers ofmeshes, since different volumes of data are handled at level 4 with asmaller scaling factor (a larger denominator) providing a wider area mapand at level 3 with a larger scaling factor (a smaller denominator)providing a more detailed map compared to level 4. Namely, the map dataare divided as appropriate in correspondence to the volume of datahandled at each level. However, at a given level, the size of theindividual blocks and the size of the individual meshes remain constant.It is to be noted that the numbers of blocks that the area 101 isdivided into at the two levels in FIG. 3 simply represent an example andthe area 101 may be divided into different numbers of blocks.

The terms “blocks” and “meshes” in this context are used for conveniencein the explanation of the embodiment, and other terms may be used aswell. Meshes may instead be referred to as parcels, or blocks may bereferred to as first division units and meshes may be referred to assecond division units. In addition, the blocks and meshes may beconsidered to be units obtained by geographically dividing the data.

FIG. 4 shows the structure of full mesh management information 181 usedto manage all the meshes in a block and the structure of mesh data 182.The mesh data 182 are map data provided in correspondence to each of themeshes 103 or 105 described earlier. The full mesh managementinformation 181 includes management information for all the mesh datacontained in the block, and is provided in correspondence to each block.

A total mesh number 183 in the full mesh management information 181 inFIG. 4 indicates the total number of meshes contained in the block.Position information related to the latitude and longitude of the lowerleft point of the block is entered as a lower left reference positioncode 184. A longitudinal mesh number 185 indicates the number of meshesset east to west along the longitudinal direction, and m is entered forthe longitudinal mesh number 185 at level 3 in FIG. 3. A latitudinalmesh number 186 indicates the number of meshes set south to north alongthe latitudinal direction, and n is entered for the latitudinal meshnumber 186 at level 3 in FIG. 3. Individual mesh management information187 is used to manage individual sets of mesh data 182 and the number ofsets of mesh management information 187 corresponds to the number ofmeshes in the block.

Each set of mesh data 182 is constituted with mesh internal managementinformation 111, background (for map display) data 112, locator data113, network (for route calculation) data 114 and guidance data 115. Themesh internal management information 111 and the background (for mapdisplay) data 112 constitute basic data, whereas the locator data 113,the network data 114 and the guidance data 115 constitute extensiondata. The basic data are included at all the levels of data. The meshdata at a given level contain specific extension data inherent to thelevel. For instance, the network data are contained in the data atlevels 1, 2, 3 and 4, whereas the locator data and the guidance data areprovided in the data at level 0. It is to be noted that addresscalculation data, image data, VICS data, building attribute data,peripheral area search data and the like may also be provided asextension data.

It is to be noted that the data are managed by setting an upper limit tothe data size of the basic data in the embodiment. The data size upperlimit may be set to, for instance, 32 KB. If the basic data size exceedsthe upper limit value after updating map data, the excess data aremanaged as extension data. Let us consider a case in which a set of meshdata 182 initially contains 20 KB of basic data and 10 KB of extensiondata, the basic data alone are updated and the data size of the basicdata increases to 40 KB as a result. The updated basic data are editedso as to keep the basic data size equal to or under 32 KB, and theexcess 8 KB of basic data is managed as extension data. As a result, thesize of the extension data increases to 18 KB, and the size of theoverall mesh data 182 increases from 30 KB to 50 KB. If, on the otherhand, the mesh data 182 initially contains 20 KB of basic data and 10 KBof extension data and the basic data alone are updated to increase thebasic data size to 30 KB, the basic data size still does not exceed theupper limit 32 KB, and the additional 10 KB of basic data is held aspart of the basic data. Thus, the size of the basic data after theupdate increases to 30 KB, the size of the extension data remains at 10KB, and the size of the overall mesh data 182 increases from 30 KB to 40KB. The upper limit is set for the data size of the basic data asdescribed above for the following reason.

The navigation system 1 may be used for a number of years withoutinstalling additional memory under normal circumstances. For thisreason, it is desirable to use a fixed size of map data, which matchesthe performance level of the navigation system 1 that is likely to beused for years. However, the volume of the map data is likely toincrease over time as building shape data become more accurate, moredetailed topographical data become available, and land development andrezoning take place. Accordingly, the map data adopt a structure whichallows the map data to be updated in units of individual meshes in theembodiment.

When a new model navigation system comes onto the market, it usually hasa greater memory capacity, a higher processing capability and the like.As a result, the volume of data that can be handled by the programincreases, new functions are added or more detailed display becomespossible under normal circumstances. In this situation, the updated mapdata need to have a structure that allows the updated map data to beutilized commonly in the old navigation system and the new navigationsystem.

To satisfy the needs described above, the basic data are edited tomaintain the data size which allows the basic data to be handled in theold navigation system as well as the new navigation system and theexcess data are stored as extension data. In addition, data that areonly needed in conjunction with a new function that cannot be used inthe old type of navigation system, too, are stored as extension data.

The concept explained above by using the expression “old and new typesof navigation systems” also applies to “general-purpose andhigh-performance” navigation systems or “portable and on-vehiclenavigation systems” as well as “old and new” navigation systems. Inother words, the structure of the map data achieved in the embodimentallows the map data to be utilized commonly in a system with a lowprocessing capability and in a system with a high processing capability.The type of map data which is invariably utilized regardless of thelevel of the processing capability of the system is referred to as basicdata. The upper limit to the size of the basic data is set inconformance to the memory size or the like of a system with the lowestprocessing capability. Since this makes it possible to commonly utilizethe map data in the embodiment in systems with varying levels ofprocessing capability, a higher degree of efficiency in map datamanagement and a cost-reduction are achieved.

It is to be noted that the initial basic data, which are commonly usedat varying levels of processing capability, may be regarded ashigh-priority data. The additional basic data resulting from an update,on the other hand, are background data to be used to display a moredetailed map than the map displayed by using the initial basic data ornonessential, low priority background data that do not need to bedisplayed in the old model. It goes without saying that as long as theadditional basic data can be managed as part of the basic data, the sizeof which is kept equal to or less than the upper limit, the additionalbasic data can be regarded as data with the same priority as the initialbasic data.

No specific upper limit is set for the data size of the mesh data 182 inthe explanation given above. However, an upper limit to the data size ofthe mesh data 182 may be set in correspondence to the capacity of thememory within the navigation system 1. For instance, the upper limit tothe size of the mesh data 182 may be set to 128 KB. It is to be notedthat values other than 32 KB and 128 KB may be set for the upper limitsto the data sizes of the basic data and the mesh data 182, as well. Theupper limits should be set to appropriate values by taking intoconsideration the initial performance level of the navigation systemwhen the map data are originally defined, a subsequent improvement inthe performance that is anticipated for the future and the like.

Map Data Management in the Navigation System

FIG. 5 shows how map data are managed in the navigation system 1. Thenavigation system 1 reads the full mesh management information and themap data from the recording medium 2, reads update map data from theremovable memory 3 or from the map server 6 via the Internet 5, and isthus enabled to use the latest version of map data.

A navigation system in the related art reads data from a recordingmedium such as a CD ROM or a DVD-ROM alone. The navigation systemachieved in the embodiment, on the other hand, uses the map data in therecording medium 2 and updated map data in combination. For this reason,it includes the nonvolatile memory 12 which is a read/write medium. Thenonvolatile memory 12 is constituted of a hard disk or a flash memory,and data held in the nonvolatile memory 12 are retained even when thepower to the navigation system is turned off. The nonvolatile memory 12may be referred to as a cache medium 12 as well.

Block management information 124 is held at the nonvolatile memory 12.The block management information 124 includes identification informationused to check whether the full mesh management information correspondingto the subject block is available in the recording medium 2 or in thenonvolatile memory 12. The initial value is set so as to indicate thatall the full mesh management information corresponding to the individualblocks is available in the recording medium 2. As map data are updatedin units of meshes, full mesh management information 125 correspondingto the block containing an updated mesh is prepared in the nonvolatilememory 12, and a value indicating that the full mesh managementinformation for the block is available in the nonvolatile memory 12 isset in the block management information 124. The program is enabled tojudge whether the full mesh management information is available in therecording medium 2 or in the nonvolatile memory 12 by first referencingthe block management information 124.

Reference numeral 126 indicates a memory area where the full meshmanagement information is stored within the memory 15 of the navigationsystem. This memory area is hereafter referred to as the memory 126.After judging whether the full mesh management information is availablein the recording medium 2 or in the nonvolatile memory 12, the programreads out the full mesh management information from the appropriatemedium and stores the full mesh management information thus read outinto the memory 126. The full mesh management information 127 read intothe memory 126 includes mesh management information corresponding tomeshes 1 through n. The mesh management information 128 containsposition information 129, storage location data 130, offset data 131 andsize data 132. The position information 129 indicates the position ofthe subject mesh represented by the latitude/longitude or the like ofthe mesh, whereas the storage location data 130 indicate whether thedata are available in the recording medium 2 or in the nonvolatilememory 12. The offset data 131 indicate the position of the data in themedium (the recording medium 2 or the nonvolatile memory 12) and thesize data 132 indicate the size of the map data.

After the map data in a given mesh are individually updated with theremovable memory 3, the map data in the mesh are read into thenonvolatile memory 12 and are stored as map data 133. Thus, based uponthe contents of the storage location data 130, the non-updated map datacan be accessed at the recording medium 2 and the updated data can beaccessed at the nonvolatile memory 12.

Structure of Data in the Recording Medium

Next, the data in the recording medium 2 are explained. A main data fileis held in the recording medium 2. FIG. 6 shows the structure of themain data file. The main data file contains overall managementinformation 151, stored data information 152, level managementinformation 153, block management information 154, full mesh managementinformation 155 and map data 156.

The overall management information 151 includes information related tothe overall data, such as information on format version revisions,information on data version revisions, medium identificationinformation, information on the data generation dates, information onthe data generating parties and information on the areas covered by thedata. The stored data information 152 indicates that types and thestorage location of the data stored in the recording medium 2. The levelmanagement information 153 includes information on the hierarchicallayer structure (the level structure) of the map data stored in therecording medium 2, information on the types of extension data attachedto the data at the individual levels and information indicating thestorage positions of the block management information. When map data areupdated, the level management information 153 is copied into thenon-volatile memory 12 and is used to change the storage location (therecording medium 2 or the non-volatile memory 12) of the blockmanagement information.

The block management information 154 includes management informationused to manage the full mesh management information, such as assignmentinformation indicating the assignment of the full mesh managementinformation at the individual levels, information on the storagelocations of the full mesh management information and informationindicating the storage positions of the full mesh managementinformation. When the recording medium 2 is loaded into the DVD drivedevice 14, the block management information 154 is copied into and isused in the nonvolatile memory 12. The initial value is set for the fullmesh management information storage location so as to indicate that thefull mesh management information is all stored in the recording medium2. The number of sets of block management information 154 corresponds tothe number of different levels of map data that are available.

The full mesh management information 155 is stored in units ofindividual blocks at each level. For instance, the map data at level 0are divided into m blocks and thus, there are m sets of full meshmanagement information 155 in correspondence in the example presented inFIG. 6. The same principle applies to the map data at levels 1 through6. Each set of full mesh management information 155 includes informationindicating the storage locations of all the meshes contained in thecorresponding block, information indicating the positions of all themeshes, information indicating the size of the meshes and historyinformation related to all the meshes in the block.

The map data 156 are equivalent to data provided in units of individualmeshes. The map data 156 are stored in the number of sets matching thesum of the numbers of all the meshes in all the blocks at all the levelsof map data stored in the recording medium 2. The structure of the mapdata in each mesh is as shown in FIG. 4. Since different types of mapdata in each mesh are updated with varying update cycles, the managementinformation and updated data are managed in the nonvolatile memory 12and the data in the recording medium 2 are used as non-updated data. Forinstance, while the shapes, text and the like constituting thebackground data are updated frequently, the other type of map data,i.e., the extension data, is not updated as frequently. For this reason,the capacity of the nonvolatile memory 12 can be more efficientlyutilized by storing the updated data into the nonvolatile memory. Toenable individual management of the basic data and the extension dataconstituting the map data, the mesh internal management informationincludes history information indicating the histories of the individualtypes of data, and information indicating the storage locations, thestorage positions and the sizes of the individual types of data.

Structure of Data in the Nonvolatile Memory

As shown in FIG. 5, the nonvolatile memory 12 holds the block managementinformation 124, the full mesh management information 125, and map data133. It also holds stored data information (not shown) and levelmanagement information (not shown). The data are stored in a fileformat. The stored data information and the level management informationare stored in a main management file (not shown). The block managementinformation 124 is stored in block management files, the full meshmanagement information 125 is stored in full mesh management informationfiles and the map data 133 are stored in map data files.

Main Management File

In the main management file (not shown), stored data information andlevel management information copied from the recording medium 2 arestored. The stored data information is created by copying the storeddata information in the main data file in the recording medium 2 whendata (e.g., guidance search data) other than the data provided in unitsof meshes in the recording medium 2 are updated and the updated data arestored into the nonvolatile memory 12. Each time data other than thedata provided in units of individual meshes are updated and the updateddata are stored into the nonvolatile memory 12, the storage location ofthe corresponding management information is switched from the recordingmedium 2 to the nonvolatile memory 12.

In addition, medium identification information is contained in thestored data information so as to indicate the recording medium 2 whichis the source of the particular piece of cache information. As long asthis information and the medium identification information in therecording medium 2 match when they are compared with each other atstartup, no problem arises. However, if they do not match (if adifferent recording medium is loaded), the storage location, thepositions and the sizes which are managed with the individual sets ofinformation in the nonvolatile memory 12 are inconsistent with those inthe other recording medium 2 and thus, the updated data in thenonvolatile memory 12 can no longer be used. If this occurs, thenavigation is executed by using the data in the recording medium 2alone.

The level management information is created by copying the levelmanagement information in the recording medium 2 when any set of meshdata in the map data stored in the recording medium 2 is updated and theupdated mesh data are stored into the nonvolatile memory 12. Each timemap data are stored into the nonvolatile memory 12, the storage locationof the block management information at the corresponding level isswitched from the recording medium 2 to the nonvolatile memory 12. Atthis time, the information indicating the position and the size of theblock management information, too, is updated so as to indicate thevalues in the nonvolatile memory 12.

Block Management Files

Block management files are created by copying the block managementinformation 154 at the individual levels in the recording medium 2 intothe nonvolatile memory 12 when the recording medium 2 is loaded into theDVD drive device 14. The initial values of the storage locations of thefull mesh management information corresponding to the various blocks areinvariably set to indicate the recording medium 2. When map data areupdated and stored into the nonvolatile memory 12, the block managementinformation at the level corresponding to the map data being updated,too, is updated. The storage location of the full mesh managementinformation of the map data being updated is switched from the recordingmedium 2 to the nonvolatile memory 12. At this time, the informationindicating the position and the size, too, is changed to indicate thevalues within the nonvolatile memory 12. The block management files areeach created in correspondence to one of the different levels of mapdata. The file name assigned to a block management file is created byusing the corresponding level as a key. Since this eliminates the needto write a block management file name, the level management informationsize does not become unnecessarily large.

Full Mesh Management Information Files

A full mesh management information file is created when map data in amesh inside a given block are updated for the first time and the updatedmap data are stored into the nonvolatile memory 12, by copying the fullmesh management information for the block corresponding to the map datain the recording medium 2. The storage location of the map data isswitched from the recording medium 2 to the nonvolatile memory 12. Atthis time, the information indicating the position and the size of themap data, too, is updated to indicate the values within the nonvolatilememory 12. Subsequently, if mesh data within the same block are updated,the full mesh management information file for the block which is alreadyin the nonvolatile memory 12 is updated. Full mesh managementinformation files are created each in correspondence to one of theblocks. The file name assigned to a full mesh management informationfile is created by using the corresponding level and block managementinformation as keys. Since this eliminates the need to write a full meshmanagement file name, the block management information size does notbecome unnecessarily large.

Map Data Files

A map data file is created when map data are updated and the updated mapdata are stored into the nonvolatile memory 12. Map data files are eachcreated in correspondence to a specific mesh. Full mesh managementinformation corresponding to the updated map data is created by copyingthe full mesh management information in the recording medium 2, and thestorage location, the storage position and the size of the actuallyupdated basic/extension data alone are updated to the values within thenonvolatile memory 12. Data in the recording medium 2 are referencedwhen non-updated basic/extension data are needed. Map data files arecreated each in correspondence to a specific mesh. The file nameassigned to a map data file is created by using the corresponding level,block management information and full mesh management information askeys. Since this eliminates the need to write a map data file name, themap management information size and the block management informationsize do not become unnecessarily large.

FIG. 4 shows the structure of the data in a single mesh 103 or 105 inFIG. 3. The mesh data are constituted with the mesh internal managementinformation 111, the background (for map display) data 112, the locatordata 113, the network (for route calculation) data 114 and the guidancedata 115. The mesh internal management information 111 and thebackground (for map display) data 112 constitute basic data, whereas thelocator data 113, the network data 114 and the guidance data 115constitute extension data. The basic data are included at all the levelsof data. The mesh data at a given level contain specific extension datainherent to the level. For instance, the network data are contained inthe data at levels 1, 2, 3 and 4 alone, whereas the locator data and theguidance data are provided in the data at level 0 alone. It is to benoted that address calculation data, image data, VICS data, buildingattribute data, peripheral area search data and the like may also beprovided as extension data.

Basic/Extension Data in the Map Data

As shown in FIG. 4, each set of map data is constituted with basic datawhich include the mesh internal management information 111 and thebackground (for map display) data 112 and extension data which include aplurality of different types of data such as the locator data 113, thenetwork data 114 and the guidance data 115. The following is anexplanation of the various types of data (frames) constituting the mapdata.

Mesh Internal Management Information

Each set of mesh internal management information 111 includesinformation inherent to the map data contained in the corresponding meshand information indicating the storage locations, the positions, thesizes and the like of the stored background and extension data. FIG. 7shows the structure of the mesh internal management information 111. Themesh internal management information 111 is constituted with meshinformation 161, background management information 162, extension dataidentification information 163 and extension data management information164.

As the mesh information 161, basic information such as the size of themesh internal management information, the actual size of thecorresponding mesh taken along the vertical and horizontal directionsand the like is stored. The background management information 162contains management information related to the background data (mapdisplay data) in the mesh. More specifically, history information,information indicating the storage location, information indicating thestorage position, offset information and information indicating the sizeare stored as the background management information. As the historyinformation, the management number assigned to updated information, forinstance, is stored, and the management number bears a larger value toindicate a more recent data version. As the storage locationinformation, an identification flag indicating whether the data arestored in the recording medium 2 or the nonvolatile memory 12 is stored.The storage position at which the background data are stored is writtenas the storage position information. If the background data are storedin the recording medium 2, the storage position is indicated as theoffset from the beginning of the main data file, whereas the storageposition is indicated as the offset from the beginning of thecorresponding map data file itself if the background data are stored inthe nonvolatile memory 12. The actual size of the background data isstored as the size information.

The background data are managed by further dividing the area containedin each mesh into n×m portions. Thus, there are n×m sets of backgroundmanagement information in correspondence to a given mesh. The backgrounddata are updated individually in units of the partitioned mesh portions(n×m mesh portions).

As explained earlier, a given level of map data does not necessarilyinclude all the types of extension data. In addition, even when a giventype of information can be added on, it may not always be contained inall the meshes. For instance, the network data are not contained in amesh holding data constituted entirely of a body of water. For thisreason, the types of extension data that can be added onto thecorresponding mesh and the presence/absence of the individual types ofextension data are written as the extension data identificationinformation 163. The sets of extension data management information 164,the number of which matches the number of different types of extensiondata that can be added onto the mesh data, are provided in the orderspecified in the information.

Each set of extension data management information 164 containsmanagement information for the corresponding type of extension data. Thevarious types of extension data are each managed as are the backgrounddata. History information of the extension data is managed incorrespondence to a specific type of extension data.

Background Data

While the background data (map display data) 112 may be managed in unitsof individual meshes, they are managed by further dividing the areacontained in each mesh into n×m portions in the embodiment, so as toallow the data to be handled at a small screen with small memory, as ina portable telephone. The background data 112 are updated in units ofsingle divided portions (in units of single mesh portions). Thestandardized size of the background data is set to 256×256 (a coordinatevalue assumes a value between 0 and 256) per mesh portion. A given meshmay contain, for instance, 4×4 mesh portions. In this case, thestandardized size of the background data corresponding to one mesh is1021×1021, since the coordinate value 255 in a given mesh portion equalsthe coordinate value 0 in the adjacent mesh portion and thus, the numberof coordinate points is calculated to be 1021 by subtracting 3 from256×4.

While the standardized size is smaller than the size of other map data,this does not pose any problem in actual use since the background datacontained in only up to a single mesh portion can be displayed over arange containing approximately 320×260 points. In addition, since thenumber of bits used in correspondence to a single coordinate point canbe reduced, the size of the overall data can be reduced as well.

Various background shapes are managed over up to 256 layers and are eachdrawn with the drawing attribute corresponding to a specific layer.While the background data in the existing navigation data are dividedinto approximately 16 different classes and the different classes ofbackground data are each assigned with specific drawing attributes,there are not enough classes to indicate various types of backgroundobjects in a map of an urban area or the like with distinguishablecolors. For this reason, the number of layers that are equivalent to theclasses in the related art is increased to 256. The background objectsare drawn in the order in which the corresponding background data werestored. In the case of the existing navigation data, data indicating theshapes of objects in a given type are all stored continuously. Thus, theshapes of objects of the same type that need to be drawn in a differentorder, e.g., a road running under an elevated express highway and a roadrunning astride an express highway) cannot be displayed correctly, or anextra class needs to be created unnecessarily. By drawing various shapesof background objects in the order matching the order with which thecorresponding data were stored, it is ensured that the number of layersdoes not need to increase.

In some existing navigation data, a single type of road shape data isused for both display and for map matching networking, so as to reducethe data volume by using the same road shape data for the display andthe search. In the embodiment, the storage of road shape data used asthe background data is switched for each level of data. An advantage ofstoring road shape data as background data lies in that when drawing amap, the map can be drawn through a single access without having toperform a plurality of accesses to acquire different types of data suchas background data, road data and text data. In addition, since the roadshapes only need to be indicated as background, their shapes andconnections can be drastically simplified or exaggerated to make itpossible to reduce the volume of the display data and improve thedisplay speed.

Locator Data

The locator data express roads with links, nodes and link strings. Anode may be an intersecting point or a special point specified on aroad. A link is equivalent to a road connecting nodes, whereas a linkstring is a string of a plurality of links representing a single road.The locator road data, which are provided in the road map data at thelowermost level 0, are used when verifying the position of the subjectvehicle, obtaining the route coordinates resulting from a route search,conducting a narrow urban street search and the like. The road data usedas locator data hold information similar to the types of informationheld in the navigation data in the related art. Namely, roads sharing acommon attribute are managed as a collection of road data which aremanaged in the form of link strings. The road attributes are dividedinto two primary groups, i.e., road attributes assigned to individuallink strings and road attributes assigned to individual links orindividual nodes.

The attributes assigned to individual link strings include road types,toll/toll-free designation, infrastructure object attributes and routecalculation target flags and the like. The attributes assigned to linksor nodes include link types, widths, intersecting link information,regulation information and interpolation point coordinate information.The number of standardized coordinate points in the locator data is2048×2048. The standardized size of the locator data differs from thatof the background data (1021×1021) since the locator data need to assurea higher degree of coordinate accuracy.

An explanation is now given on how the connections with the roads in anadjacent mesh are achieved when the locator data in a given mesh havebeen updated.

Link string data corresponding to a given link string in the locatordata are constituted of a string of sets of data related to nodespresent in the link string. The data related to each node include dataindicating the positional coordinates of the node, the link numberassigned to a link connecting with the node and the like. Thestandardized coordinate values are used to indicate the positionalcoordinates of the node.

FIG. 8 shows a road that extends over two adjacent meshes. A mesh 171and a mesh 172 lie adjacent to each other, and a single road representedby a link 173 and a link 175 extend through the meshes 171 and 172. Aconnecting point set on the road at each mesh boundary constitutes anode. At the mesh 171, a node 174 is set as the connecting point node,whereas a node 176 is set as the connecting point node at the mesh 172.

The data related to each node contains the positional coordinates of thenode and the link number assigned to the link connecting with the nodealong one direction. For instance, the positional coordinates of thenode 174 and the link number of the link 175 connecting with the node174 to the right are stored for the node 174. The positional coordinatesof the node 176 and the link number of the link 173 connecting with thenode 176 to the left are stored for the node 176.

If the mesh 171 and the mesh 172 contain data sharing the same history,the points at which they should be connected with each other can bespecified by checking the link numbers assigned to the connecting links.However, the link number assigned to the link 175 may change due to anupdate of the data in the mesh 172. In such a case, the connectingpoints at the mesh boundary can no longer be identified with the linknumbers.

In the embodiment, the connecting points are identified by conducting asearch to ascertain whether or not a connecting point with the samepositional coordinates is present at the adjacent mesh if data have beenupdated. Namely, meshes are connected by using standardized coordinatevalues of the connecting points. An adjacent mesh itself is identifiedby using the mesh position information or the like as in the relatedart.

It is to be noted that if the data in a mesh are updated withoutupdating the data in an adjacent mesh following the construction of anew road, a road to connect to the new road may not be found in the datain the non-updated mesh. In such a case, the road is processed as a deadend in the data even when the road actually continues on into thenon-updated mesh. Under these circumstances, it is more desirable toupdate the locator data for the adjacent mesh as well. Accordingly, anupdate request that the map data in the adjacent mesh be updated may beautomatically transmitted if the map server 6 can be accessed via theInternet. Alternatively, a display or the like may be brought up so asto prompt the user to transmit a map data update request.

Network (Route Calculation) Data

The lowest level of data that contain the network data as extension datais level 1 (scaling factor 1/25,000), and is used for reference. Thenetwork data are also stored as extension data of data at a plurality ofhigher levels. As are the locator data, the network data, too, areprepared based upon the concept of links, nodes and link strings. Thenetwork data contain connection information indicating how nodesrepresenting intersecting points connect with other nodes. Each nodeholds subject node information and adjacent node information on eachadjacent node with which the subject node connects. As the subject nodeinformation, the positional coordinates of the subject node are stored,whereas information related to all the nodes that connect with thesubject node is stored as the adjacent node information. As the nodeinformation of a connecting node, the node number assigned to the nodeand the link number assigned to a link connecting to the node arestored.

The range within which a single set of network data are contained as thesame as the range containing the corresponding map data, and thestandardized size of each mesh is 2048×2048.

The structure of the network data which greatly differs from that of theexisting navigation data is the correlation of nodes and links inadjacent meshes and also among different levels. In the case of theexisting navigation data, a node in a given mesh or at a given level ismade to correlate to the same node in an adjacent mesh or at a differentlevel by directly referencing the index number or the offsetinformation. In contrast, data are updated in units of individual meshesand new and old data are utilized in combination in the embodiment. Forthis reason, the node/link correlation cannot be directly referenced bychecking the index numbers or the offset information, unlike in therelated art.

As long as history information for the network data in a mesh matcheshistory information for the network data in an adjacent mesh or as longas history information for the network data in a higher-order meshmatches history information for the network data in a lower-order mesh,the node/link correlation can be referenced by using the index number orthe like as in the related art. However, if the sets of historyinformation do not match, the correlation cannot be referenced by usingindex numbers or the like. Accordingly, the coordinate values of theconnecting points at the mesh boundaries are used as keys in theembodiment, as is done with the locator data. As a connecting point usedto correlate different levels to each other, a node present both in ahigher-order level mesh and in a lower-order level mesh, which is notnecessarily on the mesh boundary, is selected.

When searching for a matching node in an adjacent mesh simply by usingthe coordinate values as a key, the set of coordinate values and thenode will achieve a one-to-one match at the lowest-order (most detailed)level unless there are roads intersecting each other on the meshboundary, since node coordinates are defined at the resolution of thestandardized coordinates at the lowermost order level. For this reason,the matching node can always be searched even though it takes aconsiderable length of search time. However, the matching node cannot beaccurately searched in higher-order level network data simply by usingcoordinate values as a key, since there is a possibility that aplurality of different nodes may exist at the same coordinates. Namely,when two nodes present in close proximity to each other, they aredefined with different coordinate values at a lower-order level.However, the coordinate values may be rounded and, as a result, the twonodes may be indicated with the same coordinate values at a higher-orderlevel. In such a case, the two nodes cannot be distinguished from eachother and thus, an accurate search cannot be conducted.

For this reason, the coordinate values at the lowermost layer level,too, are used as a key, as well as the coordinate keys in theembodiment. As a result, even when there are a plurality of nodes withthe same coordinate values at a higher level, the coordinate keys of thesame nodes, which are used as sub keys, at the lowermost level aredifferent and the matching node can be searched with accuracy. Inaddition, since there may be a plurality of nodes with the samecoordinate values even at the lowermost level, a 4-bit extensioncoordinate value (within a range of 0 through 15) is attached to thecoordinate values of each node at the lowermost layer.

With (Xh, Yh) representing the standardized coordinates of a node at ahigher-order level, (X1, Y1) representing the standardized coordinatesof the node at the lower-order level and a representing the extensioncoordinate value, the standardized coordinates of the node at a givenhigher-order level can be defined by the combination of (Xh, Yh), (X1,Y1) and (α).

Through the measures described above, data at different levels can beconnected with a high degree of reliability as well as data in adjacentmeshes, even when newer versions of data are used together with theoriginal version of data. It is to be noted that corresponding meshes atdifferent levels are identified by using level correspondence tablesprovided each in correspondence to a given level of data. In a levelcorrespondence table, information that indicates a specific node at alower-order level that corresponds to a node at the subject level alsoindicates the mesh containing the corresponding node. Thus, by using thelevel correspondence table and the definition of the standardizedcoordinates explained above, connecting points at different levels canbe accurately matched. Even when the data in a given mesh at alower-order level alone have been updated, the use of the levelcorrespondence tables and the standardized coordinates allow any roadthat remains unchanged after the update to maintain the connection withthe non-updated higher-order level data. In addition, while a newlyadded road or a road having undergone a change in shape in an updatedmesh cannot connect with the non-updated higher-order level data, anerroneous connection of such a road, at least, can be averted.

The position of a mesh is normally indicated by the latitude and thelongitude of the lower left corner of the mesh. Namely, each set ofposition information 129 in the full mesh management information holdsposition information corresponding to the latitude and longitude of thelower left corner of the subject mesh. In addition, the standardizedcoordinates in the mesh are indicated by setting the lower left cornerof the mesh as the origin point. Accordingly, the standardizedcoordinates explained earlier indicate various positions in the map astwo-dimensional coordinate values corresponding to specific latitudinaland longitudinal values based upon the mesh position informationindicating the mesh position by its latitude and longitude. Suchtwo-dimensional coordinate values, which correspond to latitudinal andlongitudinal values, may be considered to be universal values thatremain unaffected by differences among various navigation systems andstandards. In other words, adjacent meshes and meshes at higher andlower levels are connected by using universal keys.

It is to be noted that the standardized coordinates of the node at ahigher-order level may be instead defined so as to be indicated with thecombination of (Xh, Yh) and (X1, Y1) or the combination of (Xh, Yh) and(α).

In addition, the standardized node coordinates (X1, Y1) at thelower-order level do not need to be the coordinates at the lowermostlevel. The coordinates at any appropriate lower level may be used assuch. The extension coordinate α is a parameter other than thestandardized coordinates and may be, for instance, height dataindicating the height of the node. Alternatively, it may be time data(information) related to the data generation/update. Moreover, theextension coordinate α may be set by combining the height data and thetime data. The data size of α may be greater than four bits, as well.

The standardized coordinates described above are defined by using aparameter such as the coordinates (X1, Y1) at another level or theheight data (α), in addition to the two-dimensional coordinates (Xh, Yh)at the subject level. Since this parameter is used to attach PSinformation to the two-dimensional coordinates so as to indicate theconnecting state between different levels in the embodiment, it isreferred to as a level correspondence key in the description of theembodiment. It may be otherwise referred to as a 2.5 dimensional spacekey.

In the embodiment, the correspondence between nodes at different levelsis indicated in the level correspondence tables each provided incorrespondence to a given level. For this reason, the levelcorrespondence keys of the various levels do not need to hold thestandardized coordinates at all the lower levels. For instance, they mayhold the standardized coordinates at the lowermost level alone. When thestandardized node coordinates at level 0 are (X0, Y0), the standardizednode coordinates at level 1 are (X1, Y1), the standardized nodecoordinates at level 2 are (X2, Y2) and the standardized nodecoordinates at level 3 are (X3, Y3), the level correspondence keys forthe node at the individual levels are defined as follows. The levelcorrespondence key at level 0 is defined as (X0, Y0), the levelcorrespondence key at level 1 is defined by the combination of (X1, Y1)and (X0, Y0), the level correspondence key at level 2 is defined by thecombination of (X2, Y2) and (X0, Y0) and the level correspondence key atlevel 3 is defined by the combination of (X3, Y3) and (X0, Y0).

Guidance Data

The guidance data that are included in the map data at the lowermostlayer level 0 only are used when providing route guidance along theroute resulting from a route search. As the guidance data, informationindicating intersecting point names, information indicating road names,information indicating directional terms, directional guidanceinformation, spot guidance information, information on landmarks insurrounding areas, information on road construction and the like isstored.

Data Update with the Removable Memory

FIG. 9 presents a flowchart of the processing through which map data areupdated with the removable memory 3, data of an area around thedestination are read out and a route search is executed. The update dataare provided in the removable memory 3. Control, the flow of which isshown in the flowchart in FIG. 9, is executed by the control device 11.

As the power to the navigation system 1 is turned on, the program thatexecutes the processing as shown in the flowchart presented in FIG. 9 isstarted up. In step S1, a decision is made as to whether or not thereare any update data. The decision as to whether or not there are anyupdate data is made by judging whether or not a removable memory 3having stored therein update data is currently loaded. If it is decidedthat there are update data, the operation proceeds to step S2.

In step S2, the update data in the removable medium 3 are referenced,the full mesh management information corresponding to the data in therecording medium 2 that need to be updated is read out from therecording medium 2 and the full mesh management information thus readout is written into the nonvolatile memory 12. In step S3, the full meshmanagement information recorded in the nonvolatile memory 12 isrewritten in conformance to the update data. In step S4, data of an areaaround the destination are read out based upon the full mesh managementinformation recorded in the nonvolatile memory 12. In the previousexplanation, the update data are written in the nonvolatile memory 12.However, in this example, the update data are simply read from theremovable memory 3 by directly loading the removable memory 3.Non-updated map data are read from the recording medium 2.

If, on the other hand, it is decided in step Si that there are no updatedata, the operation proceeds to step S5. In step S5, a decision is madeas to whether or not there is a history of an update. The decision as towhether or not there is an update history is made by accessing the blockmanagement information 124 in the nonvolatile memory 12. If it isdecided in step S5 that there is an update history, the operationproceeds to step S6. In step S6, the full mesh management informationthat has been sequentially rewritten to the current version is read outfrom the nonvolatile memory 12 by referencing the block managementinformation 124. In step S7, the full mesh management information thatis not stored in the nonvolatile memory 12 is read out from therecording medium 2 by referencing the block management information 124.In step S8, data of an area around the destination are read out as instep S4, based upon the full mesh management information read out fromthe nonvolatile memory 12 and the recording medium 2.

If it is decided in step S5 that there is no update history, theoperation proceeds to step S9. In step S9, the full mesh managementinformation is read out from the recording medium 2. Next, in step S10,data of an area around the destination are read out from the recordingmedium 2 based upon the full mesh management information read out fromthe recording medium 2.

In step S11, a route search is executed by using the map data that havebeen read. While only the data of an area around the destination areread in the flowchart presented in FIG. 9, the route search is executedby sequentially reading data around the current position as well.

Data Update Through Communication With the Map Server

FIG. 10 presents a flowchart of the processing through which data of anarea around the destination read from the map server 6 via the Internet5 are used for an update of data for an area around the current positionand the data of the area around the destination are read out, and aroute search is executed. The update data are provided from theremovable memory 3 and the map server 6. Control, the flow of which isshown in the flowchart presented in FIG. 10, is executed by the controldevice 11.

As the power to the navigation system 1 is turned on, the program thatexecutes the processing as shown in the flowchart presented in FIG. 10is started up. In step S21, initialize processing including a read ofthe full mesh management information is executed. FIG. 11 presents aflowchart of the initialize processing.

In step S101 in FIG. 11, a decision is made as to whether or not thereis a history of an update. The decision as to whether or not there is anupdate history is made by accessing the block management information 124in the nonvolatile memory 12. If it is decided in step S101 that thereis an update history, the operation proceeds to step S102. In step S102,the full mesh management information that has been sequentiallyrewritten to the current version is read out from the nonvolatile memory12 by referencing the block management information 124. In step S103,the full mesh management information that is not stored in thenonvolatile memory 12 is read out from the recording medium 2 byreferencing the block management information 124. In step S104, data ofan area around the current position are read out based upon the fullmesh management information read out from the nonvolatile memory 12 andthe recording medium 2. Next, the operation proceeds to step S22 in FIG.10.

If, on the other hand, it is decided in step S101 that there is noupdate history, the operation proceeds to step S105. In step S105, thefull mesh management information is read out from the recording medium2. Next, in step S106, data of an area around the current position areread out from the recording medium 2 based upon the full mesh managementinformation read out from the recording medium 2. Next, the operationproceeds to step S22 in FIG. 10.

The data of the area around the destination are read in step S22 andsubsequent steps in FIG. 10. In step S22, a request for new data isissued to the map server 6, and if there are any new data, the updatedata (of the area around the destination) are downloaded throughcommunication. In step S23, a decision is made as to whether or notthere are any update data. The decision as to whether or not there areany update data is made by judging whether or not any update data havebeen transmitted from the map server 6. If it is decided that there areupdate data, the operation proceeds to step S24 to execute updateprocessing.

FIG. 12 presents a flowchart of the update processing. In step Sill inFIG. 12, a decision is made as to whether or not there is an updatehistory with regard to the data of the area around the destination,i.e., whether or not the data of the area around the destination haveever been updated. If it is decided that the data have been updated, theoperation proceeds to step S112. In step S112, the full mesh managementinformation already stored in the nonvolatile memory 12 is rewritten inconformance to the update data having been transmitted from the mapserver 6. Then, the operation proceeds to step S115.

If, on the other hand, it is decided in step S111 that the data of thearea around the destination have never been updated, the operationproceeds to step S113. In step S113, the update data having beentransmitted from the map server 6 are referenced, the full meshmanagement information corresponding to the data in the recording medium2 that need to be updated is read out from the recording medium 2 andthe full mesh management information thus read out is written into thenonvolatile memory 12. In step S114, the full mesh managementinformation recorded in the nonvolatile memory 12 is rewritten inconformance to the update data. Subsequently, the operation proceeds tostep S115.

In step S115, the full mesh management information that has beenrewritten is read from the nonvolatile memory 12 into the memory 126. Instep S116, the data of the area around the destination are read outbased upon the full mesh management information read out from thenonvolatile memory 12. Then, the operation proceeds to step S26 in FIG.10.

If it is decided in step S23 in FIG. 10 that no update data have beentransmitted from the map server 6, the operation proceeds to step S25.In step S25, the data of the area around the destination contained inthe existing data are read out. Namely, the data are read out eitherfrom the recording medium 2 or the nonvolatile memory 12 if the datahave been previously updated. In step S26, a route search is executedbased upon the map data having been read.

Route Search Executed by Using Level Correspondence Keys

FIG. 13 presents a flowchart of a route search executed by using levelcorrespondence keys. In step S31, road links in the vicinity of thecurrent position and the destination are individually identified byusing the current position information and the destination information.In step S32, the links bearing the corresponding route calculation dataamong the road links in the vicinity of both the current position andthe destination are identified. In step S33, a decision is made as tothe number of hierarchical layers (levels) over which the search is tobe executed. The decision on the number of hierarchical layers overwhich the search is to be executed is determined in correspondence tothe distance between the current position and the destination. If thedistance between the current position and the destination is small, onelayer route search processing is executed, whereas two layer routesearch processing or three layer route search processing is executed asthe distance between the current position and the destination becomeslarger.

The network data at the lowermost layer level (with the most detail) arenormally used in the vicinity of the current position and thedestination in the route search. Accordingly, if the current positionand the destination are close to each other, only the network data atthe lowermost layer level are utilized. However, if the current positionand the destination are set apart from each other, the network data at ahigher layer level (on the wider range side) are used for the search ofthe intermediate route in order to reduce the length of time requiredfor the route search. Accordingly, the network data at the lowermostlayer level are used for the areas around the current position and thedestination and the network data at the higher layer level are used tosearch for the intermediate route. Namely, the two layer route searchprocessing or the three layer route search processing is executed.

If it is decided in step S33 that the one layer route search processingis to be executed, the operation proceeds to step S34. If it is decidedthat the two layer route search processing is to be executed, theoperation proceeds to step S35. If it is decided that the three layerroute search processing is to be executed, the operation proceeds tostep S36.

FIG. 14 presents a flowchart of the one layer route search processing.In step S201, a new adjacent candidate node is extracted. At this time,and adjacent candidate link may instead be extracted. In step S202, adecision is made as to whether or not the adjacent meshes needed in theroute search share the same history information. If it is decided thatthey share the same history information, the operation proceeds to stepS207, whereas if it is decided that they do not share the same historyinformation, the operation proceeds to step S203. In step S207, theadjacent node is identified by referencing a standard pointer index. Thestandard pointer index may be the node number or the node ID.

In step S203, a decision is made as to whether or not the subject nodeis a connecting point. Adjacent meshes connect at a connecting point,and a point positioned at the mesh boundary is set as a connecting pointin the one layer route search. The operation proceeds to step S207 if itis decided that the subject node is not a connecting point, whereas theoperation proceeds to step S204 if the subject node is judged to be aconnecting point and the adjacent node, too, is judged to be aconnecting point. If the subject node is not a connecting point, all theadjacent nodes connecting with the subject node are contained within thesame mesh. When the subject node is a connecting point, the adjacentnode in the adjacent mesh, too, is a connecting point.

In step S204, the level correspondence keys of the subject node and theadjacent node are referenced. In step S205, a decision is made as towhether or not the level correspondence keys of the subject node and theadjacent node match. The operation proceeds to step S208 if they arejudged to match, whereas the operation proceeds to step S206 if it isdecided that they do not match. If the level correspondence keys of thesubject node and the adjacent nodes match, it is assumed that thecorrect adjacent node has been identified, and accordingly, the subjectnode is connected with the node with the identical level correspondencekey in the adjacent mesh.

In step S206, the subject node is processed as a dead-end point. Namely,if an adjacent node with a matching level correspondence key has notbeen found, it is concluded that the route is cut off at that point. Itis to be noted that the processing in step S204 and step S205 has beenexplained by assuming that one connecting point is present at eachadjacent mesh. However, there may be a plurality of connecting points onthe mesh boundary. In such a case, it is necessary to determine througha search the exact connecting point in the adjacent mesh with which thesubject node connects. Accordingly, the processing in steps S204 andS205 needs to be repeatedly executed for the plurality of connectingpoints in the adjacent mesh until the correct adjacent node isidentified.

If it is decided in step S203 that the subject node is not a connectingpoint, the operation proceeds to step S207 to identify the adjacent nodeby referencing the standard pointer index, since the subject node andthe adjacent node are both contained in the data corresponding to thesame mesh. It is to be noted that processing for identifying theadjacent node by referencing the pointer index is simpler and can beexecuted faster than the processing for identifying the adjacent node byreferencing the level correspondence keys.

In step S208, Dijkstra route search processing is executed by using thenode information corresponding to the identified node, and then theoperation proceeds to step S209. In step S209, a decision is made as towhether or not the entire route search processing has been completed,and if it is judged that the route search processing has not beencompleted yet, the operation returns to step S201. If it is judged thatthe route search processing has been completed, the one layer routesearch processing ends.

FIG. 15 presents a flowchart of the two layer route search processing.In step S211, route search processing is executed by using meshes at alower layer level on the current position side and on the destinationside. This route search processing is identical to the one layer routesearch processing shown in FIG. 14. In step S212, processing is executedto connect nodes at the lower layer level and the higher layer level.FIG. 16 is a detailed flowchart of the processing executed in step S212.

In step S221 in FIG. 16, a new higher layer candidate node is extractedby referencing the level correspondence table explained earlier. In thelevel correspondence table, which is provided on the higher layer levelside (on the wider range side), information indicating the exact node onthe lower layer level side (the more detailed side) that corresponds toeach node at the higher layer level and the specific mesh containing thecorresponding node is stored. In step S222, a decision is made as towhether or not the corresponding meshes at the higher layer level andthe lower layer level share the same history information. If it isdecided in step S222 that the corresponding meshes at the higher layerlevel and the lower layer level do not share identical historyinformation, the operation proceeds to step S223.

In step S223, the level correspondence key of the node at the lowerlayer level in the level correspondence table is referenced. In stepS224, a decision is made as to whether or not the level correspondencekey of the node at the lower layer level in the level correspondencetable matches the level correspondence key of the node in the lowerlayer mesh obtained through the search. The operation proceeds to stepS227 if they are determined to match, whereas the operation proceeds tostep S225 if it is decided that they do not match. In step S225, thesubject node at the lower layer level is processed as a dead-end point.

If, on the other hand, it is decided in step S222 that the correspondingmeshes at the higher layer level and the lower layer level shareidentical history information, the operation proceeds to step S226. Instep S226, the higher layer level node is identified by referencing thenode ID number (by executing standard processing). In step S228, thehigher layer node corresponding to the lower layer node, which has beenidentified, is saved as a candidate. In step S228, a decision is made asto whether or not the processing has been completed, and if it isdecided that the processing is to be executed continuously, theoperation returns to step S221 to repeatedly execute the processing. If,on the other hand, it is judged that the processing is to end, theprocessing for connecting the nodes at the lower layer level and thehigher layer level shown in FIG. 16 ends, and the operation proceeds tostep S213 in FIG. 15.

In step S213, route search processing is executed by using meshes at thehigher layer level. Since the processing executed in step S213 isidentical to the one layer route search processing in FIG. 14, itsexplanation is omitted. In step S214, the shortest route is determinedby combining the route candidates determined at the lower layer leveland the higher layer level.

As explained above, the following advantages are achieved by adoptingthe map data structure and the map data processing method achieved inthe embodiment.

(1) Since map data can be updated in units of individual meshes, theentire recording medium, such as a DVD ROM, in which the map data arestored, does not need to be replaced with a new recording medium whenthe map data are partially updated. Since the minimum data update unitsare individual meshes, i.e., since data can be updated in units ofindividual sets of basic data and extension data, data that do not needto be updated are not updated and thus, the volume of data that need tobe communicated (the communication cost) can be minimized. In addition,individual sets of basic data and extension data can be updated overvarying cycles.

(2) Since update data can also be provided through communication via theInternet, the latest version of the update data can be made availablequickly at low cost.

(3) Since the mesh data are divided into basic data and extension data,the map data can be commonly used in navigation systems that onlyrequire map display and navigation systems that also execute routesearch processing and guidance processing. In addition, the extensiondata are further divided by data types. Thus, update data assuming auniform structure simply need to be provided even when only a specifictype of extension data, but not other types of extension data, isrequired. The background data are managed separately from the othertypes of data such as the locator data and the network data. For thisreason, a map can be drawn through a single access instead of having toaccess a plurality of groups of data such as the background, the roadsand the text. Moreover, since the roads and their connections in thebackground can be displayed in a drastically simplified and exaggeratedmanner so as to achieve a reduction in the volume of the display dataand an improvement in the display speed.

(4) Since the mesh data are divided into basic data and extension data,the map data can be provided from a single map database to simplesystems such as portable telephones and high-end systems such ason-vehicle navigation systems alike. For instance, the basic data aloneneed to be provided to display a map and provide navigation at aportable telephone, whereas both the basic data and the extension dataare provided to on-vehicle navigation systems.

(5) Data in adjacent meshes or at higher and lower levels are connectedby using two-dimensional coordinate values corresponding to thelatitudinal and longitudinal values, and thus, the data update methoddoes not need to conform to a specific navigation system model orstandard. Namely, two-dimensional coordinates corresponding tolatitudinal and longitudinal values are universal data and by using suchdata, the data update method can be standardized.

(6) Since a supplementary parameter is used in addition to thetwo-dimensional coordinate values, the matching node can be identifiedwith a high degree of reliability. For instance, by using height data asthe additional parameter, even a connecting point at an intersection ofelevated roads can be reliably distinguished. Furthermore, by using thecoordinate values at the lower layer level as the additional parameter,a node or the like can be identified at the resolution at the lowerlayer level. In other words, the data at a higher level and a lowerlevel with different scaling factors can be reliably connected.

(7) Since the map data are managed by storing the full mesh managementinformation in the nonvolatile memory, the update data can be managedeasily and reliably. As a result, program development for navigationsystems and the like are facilitated.

(8) The method whereby the correct boundary node to connect with eachboundary node is ascertained by searching for a boundary node withmatching coordinate values in an adjacent mesh is only adopted inupdated meshes instead of in all meshes, and boundary nodes innon-updated meshes are searched through the conventional pointerreference method. As a result, the data processing speed is not loweredunnecessarily.

(9) Since the update data for an area selected by the user are deliveredand the user does not receive the update data for the entire nationdelivered in a batch, the length of time required for the data receptionis minimized. In addition, since the entire map data are not recordedinto a large capacity read/write storage device, a storage capacity thatallows only the update data requested by the user to be stored willsuffice.

(10) In the explanation of the embodiment provided above, the extensioncoordinate value α, which is a parameter that may be constituted withthe height data indicating the height of the node or the time data(information) related to the data generation/update, is set as part of alevel correspondence key. Such an extension coordinate value α does notneed to be provided in correspondence to all the boundary nodes presentat mesh boundaries, and instead, the extension coordinate value α may beset only in conjunction with some of the boundary nodes for a specificreason. For instance, the extension coordinate value α may be attachedto boundary nodes with matching coordinates that intersect on a meshboundary, so as to minimize the extent of an increase in the data volumeand maintain the data processing speed at the highest possible level.

While an explanation is given above in reference to the embodiment on anexample in which the control program executed by the control device 11of the navigation system is stored in a ROM, the present invention isnot limited to this example. The control program and an installationprogram used to install the control program may be provided in arecording medium such as a DVD. It is to be noted that the recordingmedium does not need to be a DVD, and instead, it may be any of varioustypes of recording media including a CD ROM and magnetic tape.

In addition, these programs may be provided via a transmission mediumsuch as a communication line, a typical example of which is theInternet. Namely, the programs may be converted to signals on a carrierwave through which a transmission medium is carried. When providing theprograms in a recording medium or via the Internet, they can be providedto the navigation system in a configuration identical to that shown inFIG. 1. For instance, the recording medium 2 may be used as a recordingmedium in which the programs are provided and the map server 6 may beused as a server that provides the application program. Thus, theprograms can be distributed as a computer-readable computer programproduct adopting any of various modes such as a recording medium and acarrier wave.

Furthermore, a car navigation system may be achieved by executing thecontrol program described above on a personal computer. In such a case,the current position detection device 13, the input device 19 and thelike should be connected to specific I/O ports or the like of thepersonal computer.

While an explanation is given above in reference to the embodiment on anexample in which update data are provided from the removable memory 3,the present invention is not limited to this example. Instead, updatedata may be written into a CD ROM or a DVD ROM and then be provided bytemporarily replacing the recording medium 2 with the CD ROM or the DVDROM.

While an explanation is given above in reference to the embodiment on anexample in which the initial map data are read from the recording medium2, the present invention is not limited to this example. The initial mapdata may be received via the Internet 5, stored into the non-volatilememory 12 and then used and managed as update data by adopting themethod described earlier. In addition, map data may be received via theInternet as they become needed, the received map data may be stored intothe non-volatile memory 12 each time, and they may be updated andmanaged through the method described earlier whenever it becomesnecessary to update them.

While an explanation is given above in reference to the embodiment on anexample in which the route search is executed in the navigationprocessing, the present invention is not limited to this example. Any ofvarious other types of navigation processing including map display androute guidance can be executed by using the map data described above.

While an explanation is given above in reference to the embodiment on anexample in which the nonvolatile memory 12 is installed inside thenavigation system 1, the present invention is not limited to thisexample and the nonvolatile memory 12 may instead be an external storagedevice which is connected through a cable or the like.

While an explanation is given above in reference to the embodiment on anexample in which the background (for map display) data constitute basicdata and the network data constitute extension data, the presentinvention is not limited to this example. For instance, the network datamay instead be designated as basic data if map data (the network dataand the like) are utilized in an application in which no map isdisplayed. More specifically, the network data may be used as basic datain an application in which a route search is executed and guidance forthe vehicle is provided along the advancing direction with an arrow orthe like alone, since no background data for map display) are requiredin such a navigation system. In this case, the network data are the datawith the highest priority, and the network data alone may be updated inunits of individual meshes. Namely, the map data with the highestpriority that are commonly used in a plurality of specific model typesshould be used as the basic data in a given application.

While the invention has been particularly shown and described withrespect to a preferred embodiment thereof by referring to the attacheddrawings, the present invention is not limited to these examples and itwill be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes inform and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit,scope and teaching of the invention.

1. A data product that can be read into a computer or a map dataprocessing apparatus, containing therein map data having map-relatedinformation of a map, the map data comprising: a structure having themap-related information divided into units of a plurality of divisionsinto which the map is divided; and a structure having managementinformation for the map-related information divided into units of thedivisions, wherein: the map-related information obtained by the computeror the map data processing apparatus can be updated in units of theindividual divisions by using the management information.
 2. A dataproduct according to claim 1, wherein: the map is divided into aplurality of first division units, the first division units are eachdivided into a plurality of second division units, a number of thesecond division units is equal among the individual first divisionunits, and the divisions into which the map is divided eachcorresponding to one of the second division units; and the managementinformation contains a set of management information related to theplurality of second division units, provided in correspondence to eachof the first division units.
 3. A data product according to claim 2,wherein: the management information further contains managementinformation related to the plurality of first division units.
 4. A dataproduct according to claim 1, wherein: a plurality of levels aredefined, each in correspondence to one of a plurality of differentscaling factors at which the map is rendered; the map is divided into aplurality of first division units at each level, the first divisionunits are each divided into a plurality of second division units, thenumber of second division units is equal among the individual firstdivision units, and the divisions into which the map is divided eachcorresponding to one of the second division units; a plurality of setsof the map-related information are provided in correspondence to theplurality of levels; and the management information contains a set ofmanagement information related to the plurality of first division unitsprovided in correspondence to each of levels, and also contains a set ofmanagement information related to the plurality of second division unitsprovided in correspondence to each of the first division units.
 5. Adata product according to claim 1, wherein: the map-related informationwhich is provided in units of the individual divisions is separated intodifferent types of map-related information to be individually managed.6. A data product according to claim 1, wherein: a plurality of levelsare defined, each in correspondence to one of a plurality of differentscaling factors at which the map is rendered; a plurality of sets of themap-related information are provided in correspondence to the pluralityof levels; and as the map-related information provided in units of theindividual divisions, at least one type of map-related informationavailable at all levels and another type of map-related informationavailable at, at least, one level are provided separately from eachother.
 7. A data product according to claim 6, wherein: the one type ofmap-related information is used to display the map at a display device;and the other type of map-related information contains information usedin route search.
 8. A data product according to claim 1, wherein: aconnecting point at which the map-related information corresponding toone of two divisions is correlated to the map-related informationcorresponding to the other division is present at a geographicallymatching position within the two divisions; and sets of informationrelated to the connecting point contain common two-dimensionalcoordinate values indicating the position of the connecting point withinthe map in the map-related information corresponding to the twodivisions.
 9. A data product according to claim 8, wherein: thetwo-dimensional coordinate values are values corresponding tolatitudinal and longitudinal values.
 10. A data product according toclaim 8, wherein: the information related to the connecting pointcontains a parameter other than the two-dimensional coordinate values ofthe connecting point in addition to the two-dimensional coordinatevalues.
 11. A data product according to claim 10, wherein: the parametercontains height information indicating a height of the connecting point.12. A data product according to claim 10, wherein: the parametercontains time information related to generation and update of themap-related information provided in units of the individual divisions.13. A data product according to claim 8, wherein: a plurality of levelsare defined, each in correspondence to one of a plurality of differentscaling factors at which the map is rendered; a plurality of sets of themap-related information are provided in correspondence to the pluralityof levels; the map is divided into a plurality of divisions at eachlevel, and each of the plurality of sets of map-related information,corresponding to a given level, is divided in units of the individualdivisions into which the map is divided; the two divisions belong tolevels different from each other, and two-dimensional coordinate valuesof the connecting point at a level at which the map is rendered ingreater detail are attached to the two-dimensional coordinate values ofthe connecting point at a given level.
 14. A data product according toclaim 1, wherein: the map-related information provided in units ofindividual divisions is separated into different types of map-relatedinformation to be individually managed; and map-related informationhaving the highest priority among the different types of map-relatedinformation is managed by setting a predetermined upper limit to thesize thereof.
 15. A data product according to claim 14, wherein: if thesize of the map-related information having the highest priority exceedsthe predetermined upper limit after update, at least map-relatedinformation corresponding to an excess beyond the predetermined upperlimit to the size, which results from the update, is managed asmap-related information with lower priority relative to the highestpriority.
 16. A data product according to claim 14, wherein: themap-related information with the highest priority includes at leastinformation used to display the map at a display device.
 17. A dataproduct according to claim 15, wherein: the map-related information withthe highest priority includes at least information used to display themap at a display device; and the map-related information with the lowerpriority relative to the highest priority includes information thatenables display of a more detailed map at the display device, comparedto the map displayed by using the map-related information with thehighest priority.
 18. A data product according to claim 1, embodied as arecording medium having the map data recorded therein.
 19. A map dataprocessing apparatus, comprising: a recording medium drive unit at whicha data product according to claim 18 is loaded; an update dataacquisition unit that obtains update data for the map-relatedinformation provided in units of the individual divisions; and aprocessing unit that processes the map data based upon the map datarecorded in the recording medium and the update data obtained by theupdate data acquisition unit.
 20. A map data processing apparatusaccording to claim 19, wherein: the map data are map display data; andthe processing unit displays a map at a display unit by connecting themap data recorded in the recording medium with the update data obtainedby the update data acquisition unit.
 21. A map data processing apparatusaccording to claim 19, wherein: the map data are route search data; andthe processing unit executes route search processing by connecting themap data recorded in the recording medium with the update data obtainedby the update data acquisition unit.
 22. A method for processing mapdata in a map data processing apparatus, comprising steps for; readingmap data management information indicating specific positions in arecording medium, at which map data divided into a plurality ofdivisions are stored, from the recording medium having stored thereinthe plurality of map data divisions and the management information intoa nonvolatile memory within a map data processing apparatus; alteringpart of the management information in the nonvolatile memorycorresponding to update data so as to indicate a position at which theupdate data are stored, when the update data for partially updating themap data in units of the individual divisions are obtained; andaccessing the map data based upon the management information in thenonvolatile memory.
 23. A program product that can be read into acomputer or a map data processing apparatus, containing a map dataprocessing program executed to process map data, the map data processingprogram comprising: an instruction code for reading map data managementinformation indicating specific positions in a recording medium, atwhich map data divided into a plurality of divisions are stored, fromthe recording medium having stored therein the plurality of map datadivisions and the management information into a nonvolatile memorywithin a map data processing apparatus; an instruction code for alteringpart of the management information in the nonvolatile memorycorresponding to update data so as to indicate a position at which theupdate data are stored, when the update data for partially updating themap data in units of the individual divisions are obtained; and aninstruction code for accessing the map data based upon the managementinformation in the nonvolatile memory.
 24. A map data processingapparatus that processes map data, comprising: a recording medium driveunit at which a recording medium is loaded having stored therein the mapdata divided into a plurality of divisions and map data managementinformation indicating specific storage positions of the plurality ofmap data divisions in the recording medium; a nonvolatile memory intowhich the management information read from the recording medium isstored; an update data acquisition unit that obtains update data to beused to update part of the map data in units of the individualdivisions; and a control unit that alters part of the managementinformation in the nonvolatile memory corresponding to the updated dataso as to indicate a storage position of the update data when the updatedata acquisition unit obtains the update data, and accesses the map databased upon the management information in the nonvolatile memory.
 25. Amethod for processing map data in a map data processing apparatus,comprising steps for: confirming that a recording medium is loaded atthe map data processing apparatus, the recording medium having storedtherein the map data divided into a plurality of divisions and map datamanagement information indicating specific storage positions of theplurality of map data divisions in the recording medium; storingidentification information, which bears an initial value indicating thatthe map data management information used in the map data processingapparatus is stored in the recording medium, into a first nonvolatilememory; storing update data obtained to update part of the map data inunits of individual divisions into a second nonvolatile memory,obtaining the map data management information from the recording medium,altering part of the management information corresponding to the updatedata so as to indicate a storage position of the update data in thesecond nonvolatile memory, storing the management information into athird nonvolatile memory, and altering the identification informationstored in the first nonvolatile memory to identification informationindicating that the map data management information is stored in thethird nonvolatile memory; obtaining the identification information toascertain whether the map data management information is stored in therecording medium or in the third nonvolatile memory by accessing thefirst nonvolatile memory when accessing the map data; obtaining the mapdata management information from the recording medium if the map datamanagement information is determined to be stored in the recordingmedium; obtaining the map data management information from the thirdnonvolatile memory if the map data management information is determinedto be stored in the third nonvolatile memory; and accessing the map databased upon the obtained map data management information.
 26. A programproduct that can be read into a computer or a map data processingapparatus, containing a map data processing program executed to processmap data, the map data processing program comprising: an instructioncode for confirming that a recording medium is loaded at the map dataprocessing apparatus, the recording medium having stored therein the mapdata divided into a plurality of divisions and map data managementinformation indicating specific storage positions of the plurality ofmap data divisions in the recording medium; an instruction code forstoring identification information, which bears an initial valueindicating that the map data management information used in the map dataprocessing apparatus is stored in the recording medium, into a firstnonvolatile memory; an instruction code for storing update data obtainedto update part of the map data in units of individual divisions into asecond nonvolatile memory, obtaining the map data management informationfrom the recording medium, altering part of the management informationcorresponding to the update data so as to indicate a storage position ofthe update data in the second nonvolatile memory, storing the managementinformation into a third nonvolatile memory, and altering theidentification information stored in the first nonvolatile memory toidentification information indicating that the map data managementinformation is stored in the third nonvolatile memory; an instructioncode for obtaining the identification information to ascertain whetherthe map data management information is stored in the recording medium orin the third nonvolatile memory by accessing the first nonvolatilememory when accessing the map data; an instruction code for obtainingthe map data management information from the recording medium if the mapdata management information is determined to be stored in the recordingmedium; an instruction code for obtaining the map data managementinformation from the third nonvolatile memory if the map data managementinformation is determined to be stored in the third nonvolatile memory;and an instruction code for accessing the map data based upon theobtained map data management information.
 27. A map data processingapparatus that processes map data, comprising: a recording medium driveunit at which a recording medium having stored therein the map datadivided into a plurality of divisions and map data managementinformation indicating specific storage positions of the plurality ofmap data divisions in the recording medium is loaded; a firstnonvolatile memory in which identification information bearing aninitial value indicating that map data management information used inthe map data processing apparatus is stored in the recording medium isstored when the recording medium is loaded into the recording mediumdrive unit; an update data acquisition unit that obtains update data tobe used to update part of the map data in units of the individualdivisions; a second nonvolatile memory in which the update data obtainedby the update data acquisition unit are stored; a control unit thatobtains the map data management information from the recording mediumwhen the update data acquisition unit obtains the update data, alterspart of the management information corresponding to the update data soas to indicate a storage position of the update data in the secondnonvolatile memory and alters the identification information stored inthe first nonvolatile memory to identification information indicatingthat the map data management information is stored in a thirdnonvolatile memory; and the third nonvolatile memory in which the mapdata management information having been altered by the control unit isstored, wherein: the control unit obtains the identification informationby accessing the first nonvolatile memory to ascertain whether the mapdata management information is stored in the recording medium or in thethird nonvolatile memory when accessing the map data, obtains the mapdata management information from the recording medium if the map datamanagement information is determined to be stored in the recordingmedium, obtains the map data management information from the thirdnonvolatile memory if the map data management information is determinedto be stored in the third nonvolatile memory, and accesses the map databased upon the obtained map data management information.
 28. A methodfor processing map data in a map data processing apparatus, comprisingsteps for; confirming that a recording medium is loaded at the map dataprocessing apparatus, the recording medium having stored therein the mapdata divided into a plurality of divisions and map data managementinformation indicating specific storage positions of the plurality ofmap data divisions in the recording medium; storing identificationinformation, which bears an initial value indicating that the map datamanagement information used in the map data processing apparatus isstored in the recording medium, into a first nonvolatile memory;confirming a connection with a second nonvolatile memory in which updatedata used to update part of the map data in units of the individualdivisions are written; obtaining the map data management informationfrom the recording medium when the connection with the secondnonvolatile memory is confirmed, altering part of the managementinformation corresponding to the update data so as to indicate a storageposition of the update data in the second nonvolatile memory, storingthe management information into a third nonvolatile memory and alteringthe identification information stored in the first nonvolatile memory toidentification information indicating that the map data managementinformation is stored in the third nonvolatile memory; obtaining theidentification information to ascertain whether the map data managementinformation is stored in the recording medium or in the thirdnonvolatile memory by accessing the first nonvolatile memory whenaccessing the map data; obtaining the map data management informationfrom the recording medium if the map data management information isdetermined to be stored in the recording medium; obtaining the map datamanagement from the third nonvolatile memory if the map data managementinformation is determined to be stored in the third nonvolatile memory;and accessing the map data based upon the obtained map data managementinformation.
 29. A program product that can be read into a computer or amap data processing apparatus, containing a map data processing programexecuted to process map data, the map data processing programcomprising: an instruction code for confirming that a recording mediumis loaded at the map data processing apparatus, the recording mediumhaving stored therein the map data divided into a plurality of divisionsand map data management information indicating specific storagepositions of the plurality of map data divisions in the recordingmedium; an instruction code for storing identification information,which bears an initial value indicating that the map data managementinformation used in the map data processing apparatus is stored in therecording medium, into a first nonvolatile memory; an instruction codefor confirming a connection with a second nonvolatile memory in whichupdate data used to update part of the map data in units of theindividual divisions are written; an instruction code for obtaining themap data management information from the recording medium when theconnection with the second nonvolatile memory is confirmed, alteringpart of the management information corresponding to the update data soas to indicate a storage position of the update data in the secondnonvolatile memory, storing the management information into a thirdnonvolatile memory and altering the identification information stored inthe first nonvolatile memory to identification information indicatingthat the map data management information is stored in the thirdnonvolatile memory; an instruction code for obtaining the identificationinformation to ascertain whether the map data management information isstored in the recording medium or in the third nonvolatile memory byaccessing the first nonvolatile memory when accessing the map data; aninstruction code for obtaining the map data management information fromthe recording medium if the map data management information isdetermined to be stored in the recording medium; an instruction code forobtaining the map data management from the third nonvolatile memory ifthe map data management information is determined to be stored in thethird nonvolatile memory; and an instruction code for accessing the mapdata based upon the obtained map data management information.
 30. A mapdata processing apparatus that processes map data, comprising: arecording medium drive unit at which a recording medium having storedtherein the map data divided into a plurality of divisions and map datamanagement information indicating specific storage positions of theplurality of map data divisions in the recording medium is loaded; afirst nonvolatile memory in which identification information bearing aninitial value indicating that map data management information used inthe map data processing apparatus is stored in the recording medium isstored when the recording medium is loaded into the recording mediumdrive unit; a memory connection unit that enables a connection with asecond nonvolatile memory in which update data used to update part ofthe map data in units of the individual divisions are written; a controlunit that obtains the map data management information from the recordingmedium when a connection of the second nonvolatile memory with thememory connection unit is confirmed, alters part of the managementinformation corresponding to the update data so as to indicate a storageposition of the update data in the second nonvolatile memory and altersthe identification information stored in the first nonvolatile memory toidentification information indicating that the map data managementinformation is stored in a third nonvolatile memory; and the thirdnonvolatile memory in which the map data management information havingbeen altered by the control unit is stored, wherein: the control unitobtains the identification information by accessing the firstnonvolatile memory to ascertain whether the map data managementinformation is stored in the recording medium or in the thirdnonvolatile memory when accessing the map data, obtains the map datamanagement information from the recording medium if the map datamanagement information is determined to be stored in the recordingmedium, obtains the map data management information from the thirdnonvolatile memory if the map data management information is determinedto be stored in the third nonvolatile memory, and accesses the map databased upon the obtained map data management information.
 31. A programproduct according to claim 24, embodied as a recording medium havingrecorded therein the map data processing program.